AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Compared with the optimum diagnostic cutoff values of AFP and AFU for HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC in the test group, the parameter values in the validation group for all-stage and early-stage hepatitis-related HCC are summarized in Table 2 [AUC: 0.841 (0.790–0.884), sensitivity: 71.9%, specificity: 86.5% in the validation cohort for all-stage HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC; AUC: 0.791 (0.728–0.845), sensitivity: 75.4%, specificity: 73.7% in the validation cohort for early-stage HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC].