In summary, the AFP/AFU panel improved the diagnostic sensitivity without a loss of specificity in the detection of all-stage HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC (Table 2: AFP vs. AFP + AFU: sensitivity 52.8% vs. 69.1%, specificity 93.7% vs. 87.4%) and early-stage HBV-HCC and HCV-HCC (Table 2: AFP vs. AFP + AFU, sensitivity: 44.3% vs. 52.5%, specificity: 93.7% vs. 91.6%) among at-risk patients. Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.