However, autophagy has also been implicated in benefits of cancer cells by either of the two mechanisms: one is the mutation which leads to activation of oncogenes (e.g., PIK3CA Ras, RHEB, and AKT—autophagy inhibitors) and the second being mutations that result in inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (e.g., PTEN AMPK, LKB1, and TSC1/2—autophagy inducers) [9]. Here, PIK3CA is linked to cancer.