STAT3 and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: Figure 2(c) shows that SAB treatment significantly decreased the levels of MDA that had been induced by disc injury in the IDD group. Western blotting demonstrated that the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the IDD group were significantly lower than in the control group. However, SAB clearly upregulated the expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in rats in the IDD group (Figures 2(d)–2(f)). These results suggest that SAB inhibits disc degeneration and oxidative stress in vivo, probably via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.