Two of four apoptosis genes measured were significantly decreased in the treatment group compared to untreated control AMD cybrids (assigned the value of 1 and represented as the dotted line in the figures: BAX (77.5% ± 6.3%, p = 0.023), CASP3 (94.9% ± 5.3%, p = 0.400), CASP7 (72.8% ± 3.0%, p = 0.001), and CASP9 (97.4% ± 6.0%, p = 0.686)) (Figure 3(a)). Here, CASP9 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.