DPX formulation containing the HPV16 E7 peptide target (DPX-R9F) has demonstrated efficacy in mice bearing HPV16 E7-expressing C3 tumours, and efficacy is enhanced following PD-1 blockade, which has been shown to reinvigorate T cells, and decrease exhaustion to enhance anti-tumour responses6,7. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.