Despite the larger variability among the human samples, this analysis revealed a tendency of increased levels of late endosomal/lysosomal and DAM proteins, including LAMP1/2, NPC2, ITGAX, CTSD, CTSB, APOE, GRN, and LIPA in NPC patient macrophages compared to healthy controls (Fig. 8a). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.