ACE and acute kidney injury: In a model adjusted for age, sex, history chronic kidney disease, admission CURB-65 score, in-hospital administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers, VL increment was associated with an increased risk of AKI (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08, p = 0.02) with a 4% hazard increment for each log10 increment in VL.