TEP1 and infection: To examine whether TEP1 induction in the presence of rapamycin could contribute to the increased resistance to P. berghei infection, we compared the infection outcome among mosquitoes with single knockdown of TEP1 or TOR, and double knockdown of TEP1 and TOR. As expected, the oocyst number was significantly higher in dsTEP1, while lower in dsTOR mosquitoes compared to that in dsGFP ones (Figs 5F and S9B).