Here, both A. muciniphila and microbiota-derived AHR agonists were negatively correlated with levels of gut permeability markers, serum LPS, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6), suggesting that there is a close relationship between AHR ligands and A. muciniphila abundance involved in the occurrence and development of NAS-induced NAFLD. Here, AHR is linked to neonatal abstinence syndrome.