The overall mutation rate of BRAF in malignant tumors is 7% but varies with tumor type, and mutations are observed in approximately 50% of patients with melanoma, approximately 25% of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer, and 2–8% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer [19, 20]. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is thyroid gland undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma.