Importantly, while loss of dystrophin causes muscular dystrophies, such as Duchenne and Becker, abnormal function of Dg leads to congenital muscular dystrophies or dystroglycanopathies, such as muscle–eye–brain disease, the Walker–Warburg syndrome, and Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, which are rare congenital syndromes with brain defects. Here, DMD is linked to muscular dystrophy.