TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Another hallmark in HRE-mediated ALS is the nuclear displacement of TDP43 along with its aggregation in cytosolic inclusion bodies (Neumann et al, 2006; DeJesus-Hernandez et al, 2011; Lee et al, 2011; Scotter et al, 2015), leading to erratic transcription, splicing, sequestration of RNA and RNA-binding proteins, and finally deficient RNA granule transport in axons (Jovicic & Gitler, 2014).