Four of the seven (Afamin, CD36 Antigen, SLIK5, and Testican-2) however, showed the same directionality between human and mouse, and three (CD23, MPIF-1, and Resistin) showed opposite directionality (e.g., decreased in human, and increased in mdx mouse; e.g., CCL23 was down-regulated by corticosteroid treatment in IBD but upregulated in mdx). This evidence concerns the gene RETN and inflammatory bowel disease.