lactis DSM10140 and/or LGG in Caco-2 cells can differentially affect the IL-8 response to Salmonella based on the time of administration, in that administration of these probiotics before Salmonella infection can enhance the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, while it inhibits PI3K/Akt pathway activation after Salmonella infection.44 As in many other cases, this information is not highly predictive of the overall effect of probiotics and provides an incomplete picture of how they regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway in Salmonella infection. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is Salmonella Infections.