MTOR and colorectal carcinoma: Dysregulation and hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling network are closely associated with cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and metastasis formation, and ultimately contribute to the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), and gastric cancer.93,94 Additional studies have addressed how the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway can mediate control of colon and gastric cancer development by probiotics.