CHCHD2 and breast carcinoma: In this article, in addition to MNRR1, we will review the body of work from our laboratory as well as from the literature showing that other mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)- and nDNA-encoded mitochondrial antigens are also able to promote breast carcinogenesis and support the view that autoimmune damage to the breast creates a chronic inflammatory environment, fueled by autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines, that leads to the generation of tumorigenic signals and breast cancer.