GAPDH and urinary bladder cancer: Guo et al. proposed that GAPDH plays an important role in carcinogenesis through the regulation of the cell cycle based on the demonstrated altered GAPDH gene expression during growth in different types of tumors such as breast, lung, renal, gastric, glioma, liver, colorectal, prostatic, pancreatic, and bladder cancers and in melanoma [82].