HMGB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: We have shown that hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) protein was significantly increased in the articular cartilage of the femoral head following the induction ischemic ON in a piglet model of LCPD,(66) and that IL‐6 can be activated in articular chondrocytes in a HIF‐1α dependent manner.(40) Interestingly, HMGB1 enhances HIF‐1α mRNA levels and activities in synovial fibroblasts from patients with RA,(67) and the association of HMGB1 and HIF‐1α has been found in other diseases including cancer.(68) The regulation of HMGB1 by HIF‐1α is unknown.