In the previous study, however, both TNF‐α and IL‐1β were not elevated compared with controls,(32) probably because both TNF‐α and IL‐1β are early cytokines that may return quickly to baseline levels.(63) In RA, both TNF‐α and IL‐1β are elevated; thus they are therapeutic targets. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.