There are multiple other possible explanations for this outcome, including the small number of animals, relatively slow replication characteristics of this particular CRAd, low levels of activity from the osteocalcin promoter in tumor, too few tumor cells to support replication in most dogs due to removal of the primary lesion, and a failure to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitors expressed by tumors, such as PD-L1. Here, BGLAP is linked to neoplasm.