In a cohort of 414 patients with secondary MR, non-ischemic MR heralded greater functional benefit as compared with the ischemic etiology, where LVEF ≤ 25%, LVEDV by echo > 216 ml, NT-proBNP ≥ 10,000 pg/ml and atrial fibrillation were the strongest baseline variables associated with 2-year cardiovascular death (70). Here, NPPB is linked to miotic rate.