TNF and atherosclerosis: The migration of DCs may also be impaired in hyperlipidemia (39), but the ability to stimulate these is not weakened (40), which may lead to a local accumulation of DCs and ultimately increase the inflammatory response, DC maturation, T cell activation, cytokine secretion (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, INF-γ, and TNF), and TNF-α participation in the formation of atherosclerosis (41).