IL6 and HIV infectious disease: Additionally, angiogenic cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, could play a role in the release of mature gametocytes from the bone marrow (Messina et al., 2018), and these cytokines have been found to be dysregulated during HIV infection (Kedzierska and Crowe, 2001), potentially leading to the premature release of developing gametocytes.