TNF and COVID-19: Furthermore, the so-called cytokine storm, characterized by high levels of various proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, CXCL10 (IP-10), MCP-1(CCL2), and TNFα, has been observed in severe cases of COVID-19 (2), indicating that immune regulation has a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (5, 6).