PTEN and hepatocellular carcinoma: In case of HCC, about 40–50% of tumors show dysregulated expression of several upstream and downstream effectors of mTOR, including EGF, IGFBP3, IGF2, raptor, PTEN, RPS6, and p70S6 kinase and mTOR pathway activation is found to be associated with less differentiated tumors, bad prognosis, and earlier recurrence independent of the underlying etiology of liver cancer (10).