PDCD4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: These are considered oncomiRs because they (miR-124 and -199) are downregulated in HCC and target primarily oncogenes including PIK3CA (25), AKT (26), and PAK4 (27).The upregulated oncomiRs target tumor suppressor genes such as PTEN (28), PDCD4 (29), TPM1 (30), and MAP2K3 (31) for miR-21; p27KIP1 (32), FOXO3A (33), and PTEN (34) for miR-221 and PTEN (35) for miR-500.