Using the described STP analysis tests, activity of twelve relevant signaling pathways (PI3K, MAPK, JAK-STAT1/2, JAK-STAT3, NFκB, ER, AR, PR, Notch, TGFβ, Wnt and HH) can be measured simultaneously and quantitatively on individual patient cancer tissue samples from different cancer types. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and cancer.