Activity of developmental signaling pathways, such as the TGFβ, Hedgehog, Notch and Wnt pathways, is a typical characteristic of stem cells and was found in a variety of tumors including medulloblastomas and gliomas (Verhaegh et al., 2014; Holtzer et al., 2017; van de Stolpe et al., 2019a). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is glioma.