IFNA1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome: In one clinical trial in MERS patients, IFN treatment (IFN-α2a, IFN-α2b, or IFN-β1a) alone or with ribavirin did not improve the survival rate or viral clearance (126); however, 60% of the IFN-treated patients also received corticosteroid, which might have suppressed IFN signaling (127).