NLRP3 and neoplasm: The suppression of anti-tumor immune responses is accompanied by enhanced differentiation of CD4+ T cells into tumor-promoting cells such as T helper type 2 cells (Th2 cells), Th17 cells, and Treg populations (27). NLRP3 also plays a role in treatment response where chemotherapeutic agents were shown to activate NLRP3 activation in MDSC, leading to immunosuppressive responses through IL-1β production that blunts the anti-tumor therapeutic effect (29, 38) (Table 1).