By eliciting antibodies that structurally cross-react with autoantigens, we and others have shown that EBNA-1 contributes to autoimmunity against Ro/SSA and spliceosomal proteins Sm B, Sm D1, and RNP A (9, 19, 40–42); additional studies by the Spatz laboratory have further found cross-reactivity between EBNA-1 and the SLE-associated autoantigen dsDNA (42–44). This evidence concerns the gene CALR and systemic lupus erythematosus.