INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Moreover, in two separate studies, oral administration of probiotic Clostridium butyricum also improved diabetic markers (fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, glucagonlike peptide and insulin secretion), decreased blood and liver lipids and restored colonic homeostasis of treated groups in two different models of T2D in mice (HF diet and leptindb/db) (68, 69).