TNF and Alzheimer disease: In the BLA, the expression levels of TNF-α [F(3, 123)= 17.713, p < 0.001; Figures 3C,D], COX-2 [F(3, 47)= 5.485, p < 0.01; Figures 4C,D], and iNOS [F(3, 53)= 8.982, p < 0.001; Figures 5C,D] were also increased in the untreated and sham 3xTg-AD groups and were reduced by 4-PSB-2 treatment.