In a meta-analysis, England et al. [80] reported that G-CSF did not improve stroke outcome in individual patient with ischemic stroke when assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) or Barthel Index (BI) while Huang et al. [64] analyzed 14 trials of G-CSF therapy in stroke and did not identify adequate evidence for the beneficial effects of this treatment modality in patients. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and ischemic stroke.