Increased expression of N-Cdh (33), transcriptional modulation of N-glycan modifying enzymes (34), and activation of the ERK-MAPK pathway (35) have been linked to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is of major importance during development, wound healing as well as tumor progression and metastasis (36). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK1 and neoplasm.