In accordance, Suarez-Farinas et al. have recently described that ACE2 mRNA levels are significantly decreased in inflamed ileal biopsies of IBD patients, while inflamed rectal biopsies of IBD patients displayed a distinct upregulation of ACE mRNA in comparison to non-inflamed samples of IBD patients and non-IBD control patients.50 In contrast, Patankar et al. observed that ACE2 protein levels were comparable between inflamed colon of UC patients and non-inflamed controls.51 This evidence concerns the gene ACE2 and irritable bowel syndrome.