PMEPA1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, we found that TGFβ1 induced PMEPA1 upregulation in c-MYC high expressed human HCC cell lines (Hep40 and HLF)37, but not in c-MYC low expressed human HCC cell lines (Huh7 and SNU475; Fig. 7f–h), suggesting that PMEPA1 may be a target of TGFβ1 in the context of c-MYC HCC.