Intriguingly, we discovered that TGFβ1 activated c-Myc murine liver tumors exhibited the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (Interleukin 6, Il-6; and Interleukin 11, Il-11), chemokine related genes (chemokine receptor type 4, Cxcr4), and genes associated with tumor microenvironment (parathyroid hormone-related protein, Pthrp; angiopoietin-like 4, Angptl4; transmembrane prostate androgen-induced protein 1, Pmepa1; chloride intracellular channel 4, Clic4; and Jagged-1, Jag-1) (Fig. 6a). Here, PMEPA1 is linked to neoplasm.