ITGAE and neoplasm: While direct presentation of antigens by tumor cells in the context of MHC-I molecules plays an important role in the activation of an antitumor immune response, cross-presentation by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), especially dendritic cells (DCs), is the foundation of the “cancer immunity cycle.” DCs have been identified as remarkably capable cytotoxic T-cell stimulators that prolong the survival of cancer patients.57,58 Roberts et al.59 reported that CD103+ DCs are the dominant cell type responsible for tumor antigen cross-presentation.