Indeed, hazard ratios from a large family study on the risk of developing PCa ranges from as low as 1.5 to 6.1, which is based on Swedish registry data collected between 1958 and 2006.[8] On the contrary, the KoGES data used in our study was collected after 2001 when PSA screening had already been widely implemented in Korea and, therefore, probably led to significantly higher OR values. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.