As in other viral infections, the innate immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is initiated by pathogens and their associated molecular patterns (PAMP) that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PPR), such as Toll-like receptors 3, 7, and 8 (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8) on airway epithelial cells, tissue resident macrophages, and dendritic cells [65]. Here, TLR3 is linked to viral infectious disease.