Lysosomal destabilization-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is the feature of particulate matter and crystalline, elucidating the pathological mechanisms of the relevant inflammatory diseases, including amyloid β with Alzheimer’s disease, monosodium urate with gout, cholesterol crystalline with atherosclerosis, silica with silicosis, and asbestos with asbestosis. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is atherosclerosis.