Li et al. (2018) found that higher BMP9 levels accompanied advanced stages of liver fibrosis in liver fibrotic patients, recombinant Bmp9 overexpression accelerated liver fibrosis, and adenovirus-mediated Bmp9 knockdown attenuated liver fibrogenesis in mouse models. The research of Breitkopf-Heinlein et al. (Breitkopf-Heinlein et al., 2017) also revealed that lack of BMP-9 in vivo ameliorated liver fibrosis upon repeated injections of CCl4. However, John et al. (2019) revealed that BMP9 expression had a downregulation rather than upregulation in a cirrhotic liver. This evidence concerns the gene GDF2 and Hepatic fibrosis.