Disease controls were selected to include conditions with strong inflammatory alterations in the CNS without major degenerative processes but with similarity to MS, i.e. neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) with or without pathogenic antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG+ and AQP4-IgG−)11, and neurodegenerative conditions associated with innate inflammatory responses in the CNS, i.e. Alzheimer disease (AD)12. The gene discussed is AQP4; the disease is Alzheimer disease.