INS and diabetes mellitus: Second, to minimize potential biases resulting from the inclusion of all possible real-world basal insulin users in the analyses (i.e., time-related biases due to different initiation periods of basal insulin, confounding from variations in diabetes severity and past GLA use), we performed a rigorous three-step matching to achieve a greater level of comparability between the study groups, as evidenced by most baseline patient characteristics having SMD values of < 0.1 (Table 1).