Although models have been created for the studies of schizophrenia related to genetic risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms, such as the mutated gene Disrupted in schizophrenia-1, DISC1, the microdeletion on region q11.2 of chromosome 22, and blocking of NMDA receptors by MK-801, these models are also associated with other disorders such as bipolar disorder or autism, and involve both positive and negative symptoms20,48,49. The gene discussed is DISC1; the disease is bipolar disorder.