VTN and infection: We confirmed these results by showing that the infection with spores preincubated with Fn or Vn restored spore entry into differentiated (Fig. 3c) and undifferentiated Caco-2 cells (Supplementary Fig. 9a), but had no impact on spore adherence to differentiated (Fig. 3d) and undifferentiated Caco-2 cells (Supplementary Fig. 9b).