The NF-κB p65 pathway was significantly activated in the brain of rats in DM group, as evidenced by increased NF-κB p65 in nuclear, TNF-α and Cox-2 in DM group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.05 compared to the NC group). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.