Serum cystatin C levelswere higher in diabetic patients (A1: p= 0.024, A2: p= 0.0001, A3: p= 0.0001) thanthe controls, and in DN patients (A2: p= 0.028, A3: p= 0.0001) than the A1 group.Urine total protein and albumin levels were significantly higher in A3 group thanthe controls (uTP: p= 0.0001, uAlb: p= 0.0001). This evidence concerns the gene ALB and liver dysplastic nodule.