Importantly, they have also provided opportunities for therapeutic interventions, such as JAK inhibitors to treat STAT2 gain of function [40, 41] or SOCS1 deficiency [22], IFNγ to treat mycobacterial disease [25, 26], or early IFN-β or IFN-α2a treatment of SARS-CoV2 infection in COVID-19 patients with autoantibodies against IFN-α or IFN-ω [67] or impaired type 1 IFN responses [70]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is COVID-19.