INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: After adjustment for age, DD, hypertension, smoking status, and alcohol use (Model I), insulin therapy was independently associated with the presence of carotid plaque in both women (OR: 1.619, 95% CI: 1.200–2.185, p = 0.002) and men (OR: 1.461, 95% CI: 1.103–1.935, p = 0.008) with type 2 diabetes.