Additionally, researchers who designed CANTOS believe that canakinumab reduces atherothrombosis by acting directly on IL-1β in the circulation (39), but basic research shows that IL-1β promotes multiple beneficial changes in late-stage murine atherosclerosis, including promoting outward remodeling and formation and maintenance of a smooth muscle cell/collagen-rich fibrous cap (60). Here, IL1B is linked to atherosclerosis.