IFNA1 and infection: HIRA binds ISGs loci to promote their transcriptional upregulation, further stimulating the innate immune defenses upon HSV1 infection (Alandijany et al., 2018; McFarlane et al., 2019); in this way, undisrupted PML-NB are able to induce an IFN response upon HSV1 ΔICP0 infection.