Autosomal recessive deficiency of UNC93B1 in humans may predispose to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) following herpes simplex type I virus (HSV-1) infection through insufficient production of type I (IFN-α and IFN-β) and type III (IFN-γ) interferons (44). This evidence concerns the gene IFNB1 and herpes simplex encephalitis.