Th1 cells produce cytokines such as interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lymphotoxin, which are commonly associated with cell-mediated immune responses against intracellular pathogens, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, and induction of organ-specific autoimmune diseases (6). Here, TNF is linked to autoimmune disease.