As seen in Table 3, higher OPN levels were significantly associated with all VCI groups, namely CIND with CeVD (OR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 8.5), AD with CeVD (OR = 5.1; 95% CI 1.5 to 16.6) and VaD (OR = 8.6; 95% CI 1.8 to 41.7). The gene discussed is SPP1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.